Author: Suzanne Watson

Mark runs a small architectural firm in a North Carolina region that Hurricane Florence flooded badly, and he hasn’t been able to file his company or individual federal taxes, including his 2018 third-quarter estimated tax returns. Will he still owe a penalty when he files and pays?

The IRS announced that Hurricane Florence victims in parts of North Carolina and elsewhere in federally declared disaster areas have until Jan. 31, 2019 to file and pay some individual and business taxes that were due after Sept. 7.

This includes third-quarter estimated income tax payments that were due on Sept. 17, 2018 and quarterly payroll and excise tax returns normally due on Oct. 31, 2018. Taxpayers who had a valid extension to file their 2017 returns
by Oct. 15, 2018 also have more time to file.

Additionally, Mark may be able to deduct Florence-related casualty losses on his 2018 tax return. He should talk to his tax professional as soon as feasible to learn more about meeting tax obligations during this trying time.

Client Profile is based on a hypothetical situation. The solutions discussed here may or may not be appropriate for you.

In the last issue of ClientLine, we talked about the foundation family businesses need to turn family members into eventual company owners. This issue, we’ll examine three ways business owners and their trusted advisors can work together to achieve this financially, short of buying the company with ready cash (with its various tax implications).

OWNER FINANCING

Also known as the installment plan, you might create an agreement with the help of an attorney to receive a down payment on the sale of your business, with the rest paid in installments. Pros include potentially lower interest on payments for the buyer and a stream of income the seller can use in retirement. Cons include less cash flow for the new owner to operate the company and the chance installment payments to the old owner will stop before full payment.

SINKING FUND

If you have a well-structured buy-sell plan and intend to pass the business on in a specified number of years, you might consider establishing a sinking fund, which becomes a company asset until used to purchase the business. You can schedule regular payments to an interest-bearing account or investment-type fund, with funds growing over time to theoretically fund a future purchase.

LIFE INSURANCE

You may also want to examine the potential of funding a cash-value life insurance policy to use in the future purchase of the business. Like a sinking fund, the life insurance policy becomes a company asset. Unlike a sinking fund, which doesn’t help if the existing owner dies before the fund accumulates sufficient cash, life insurance covers a potential sale, whether unexpected or planned.

GET HELP

Work with your tax professional to understand the tax implications for you and family successors before deciding which funding method to choose.

At the end of every year, Americans rush to make money moves that can reduce their tax liabilities. As 2018 comes to a close, consider these moves to reduce your tax bill and put more money in your pocket.

DON’T FORGET

You often hear about how investors can use the realized losses from their failing investments to reduce capital gains. What if you have no capital gains? In that case, you may reduce your taxable ordinary income by up to $3,000 of capital losses. To come up with your loss, subtract your purchase price and any fees from your sales price.

If you itemize, don’t forget to deduct mileage related to your qualified charity work at 14 cents per mile. You can also deduct the fair market value of goods you give to charity, including clothing and shoes, but get a receipt for the items to claim the deduction. And if you’re self-employed and pay both the employee and employer portions of Social Security and Medicare taxes, you get to deduct the employer’s half whether you itemize or not.

WATCH OUT IF …

You live in a state where you won’t be able to deduct all your state income and local property tax, which now have a combined limit. Also, be careful that you’re depositing enough taxes if you have a large number of dependents; most dependents aren’t deductible for tax year 2018 and beyond.

In these cases and others where you have more income or fewer tax deductions than expected, increase your estimated quarterly tax payment for the fourth quarter. Ask your employer for a W-4 form to fill out so you can deduct extra tax money from your income. Generally, you have to pay at least 90% of your tax liability, either through employer deductions or estimated tax deposits, to avoid a penalty on the amount of any underpayment.

Year End Tax Planning – consider these moves to reduce your tax bill and put more money in your pocket.

All In The Family (Part 2) – ways business owners and trusted advisors can turn family member into eventual company owners.

Client Profile – those in disaster areas get additional time to file.

And The Magic Number Is? – an overview of taking Social Security payments sooner or later.

Slicing The Inheritance Pie – life insurance as an equalizer to inheriting the business.

Questions And Answers

Short Bits

Taking Care Of Business – life insurance as an equalizer to inheriting the business.

BUSINESS COSTS UP

The Producer Price Index (PPI) increased 3.3% for the 12 months ending July 2018. The PPI measures the average change over time in the prices received by domestic producers, or wholesalers, for their output. Movement in this indicator could prove an early sign of increasing (or falling) consumer prices.

EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION UP

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.9% in the year ending June 2018. Over the same period, wages and salaries increased 2.9% and benefits costs increased 2.8%. Employment costs have risen steadily during the past two years.

COLLEGE MAJORS OFFERING THE BEST START

According to research released by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York this year, it pays to major in engineering. Practitioners in aerospace, chemical, computer and electrical engineering all earn a median of $100,000 or more mid-career. Mechanical engineers just missed, with a median income of $98,000. Pharmacy majors topped the list with a median income of $115,000. Biochemistry and physics majors had the highest percentage of graduate school degrees at 71% and 70.6%, respectively.

UP IN SMOKE

A Gallup Poll shows the lowest rate of smoking (16%) since the question was first asked in a 1944 poll, when smoking rates were in the 40%-and-higher range. This drop is not only good health news but also good financial news for individuals who buy and companies that offer health insurance, as smoking is one of the leading causes of runaway healthcare costs.

Question:

The IRS informed me it’s auditing my company. What should I do?

Answer:

Your first step should involve talking to your accounting professional, who can offer advice that fits your situation. If you keep good records and receipts of expenses and income, the audit should go smoothly. It may involve nothing more than receiving a notice by mail and answering concerns by mail within 30 days. Be aware that the first notice of an audit happens only by mail, not by phone. In-person meetings, if required, may be held in your business, an IRS office or your accountant’s office.

Question:

Do the new tax laws give me more time to repay my 401(k) plan loan?

Answer:

Yes, they do. A new provision that flew under the radar during the recent federal tax overhaul is one that changes the deadline for repaying a 401(k) loan. When a 401(k) loan term expires, often after five years, the IRS typically treats the unpaid loan amount as a distribution for tax purposes. Additionally, the deadline for paying these loans in full is only 60 days if you left the company. But for loans treated as distributions due to employment termination in 2018 and later, the repayment period is now the due date of your federal income tax return, including any extensions.

As unpleasant as it is to think about, there is a chance that the need to provide for your family could last longer than your ability to do so. If you understand the value of life insurance but find the choices challenging, the following introduction may help:

TERM INSURANCE

Life insurance falls into two basic categories: term and permanent. Term insurance lasts, as its name implies, for a specified term and offers only a death benefit. It works well as a temporary solution if, for example, you want coverage only while you pay off a short-term loan. It is also less expensive for younger people, but can become prohibitively expensive with age. Whether you buy an annual renewable or a level-term policy, the premiums will likely be higher when you renew coverage.

PERMANENT LIFE INSURANCE

On the other hand, permanent insurance offers both a death benefit and cash value, and you can keep it for as long as you make premium payments. It also can function as a vehicle to force savings, as the policy can typically build cash value. Although its premium is typically higher than that of a term policy early on, permanent life insurance premium payments remain the same for as long as you own the policy and make premium payments on time.

Work with an insurance professional to choose the policy and insurance company that’s right for you.

As the holiday season approaches, you could buy your children a cell phone or video game controller. Or you can celebrate the season while teaching loved ones the value of a dollar by giving them a financial gift that lasts for years and helps establish good money habits. Consider the following age-appropriate ideas:

• Buy a small Certificate of Deposit (CD) and watch with your child as interest grows. With attention spans in mind, consider a six-month CD for younger children and a CD one-year or longer for older ones;
• Buy a real piggy bank and match a portion of what your young child contributes from an allowance;
• Introduce your child to stocks and then buy a few shares of a company that makes a favorite meal or game;
• Open an IRA for your children with part-time jobs and match their contributions. Don’t forget to illustrate how a dollar (or more) can grow over many years.

Lucy and Bill regularly give to charity and have benefited from tax deductions on their donations in the past. Now, with the new tax changes, can they still claim a charitable deduction if they don’t itemize on their tax return?

Yes, they can if they make what’s known as a qualified charitable distribution. Both Lucy and Bill can do this if they are at least age 70½ and they make the donation directly from the IRA to the charity. Because individuals with a traditional IRA must begin qualified minimum distributions at age 70½, those not needing the distributions for living expenses may opt to elect this type of distribution to meet minimum requirements while gaining a deduction from taxable income of up to $100,000 of the gift.

They are eligible to make a qualified charitable distribution without itemizing other deductions if their deductions, including the charitable donation, don’t exceed the standard deduction of $24,000 for joint filers, $18,000 for heads of household and $12,000 for singles. Lucy and Bill should consult their tax and financial professionals to learn more.

Client Profile is based on a hypothetical situation. The solutions discussed here may or may not be appropriate for you.

Need to manage cash flow or inventory levels? Cover an unexpected repair? Then a business line of credit probably makes sense. If you’re looking to open your first business line of credit, you should understand what it is and your choices.

LINE OF CREDIT

A business line of credit is similar to a credit card because both offer an available amount, or limit, you can spend. Both charge interest on the credit you use.

Depending on how old your company is and its demonstrated sales and profits, a lending institution may offer you a secured or an unsecured line of credit. Having a secured line means the lender can take possession of collateral named in the contract in the event of non-payment.

HOW IT WORKS

Your business may have already prequalified for a line of credit, in which case the lender has no doubt already notified you of this status. As with a credit card, you may make a lump sum payment or monthly installments, with the latter paid off at variable interest rates that can be hefty, depending on your business’ credit rating.

Your company’s creditworthiness may be determined, in part, by a credit report drawn on the business and/or a credit report on your personal finances, depending on the legal structure of your business. There are also some online lenders that will offer short-term lines of credit and loans that demand repayment within a few weeks to a few months, usually at higher interest rates than a bank or similar institution.

ASK AROUND

When comparing lines of credit, shop not only by interest rates, but also by examining total fees that lenders charge for account maintenance and withdrawals. Don’t forget to ask other business owners and your accounting professional for recommendations.